The compatibility of Radix Bupleuri and Scutellaria Baicalensis was common in ancient prescriptions and was recorded in many famous ancient prescriptions. Modern pharmacological studies showed that the combination of Radix Bupleuri and Scutellaria Baicalensis had good effects on the prevention and treatment of epilepsy，depression， Alzheimer’s disease，glioma，and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The combination of the two drugs synergistically protected nerves and played a role in the prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases by regulating nerve cell signaling pathways，inflammatory factor level，cell apoptosis process，neurotransmitter content，and other mechanisms. In this paper，the domestic and foreign research on the prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases by Radix Bupleuri-Scutellaria baicalensis and its chemical components were reviewed，aiming to provide a reference for better research and development and rational utilization of the two drugs.