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Research Progress on Pharmacologic Actions of Curcumin in Central Nervous System LI Gao-wen, XU Ying, KU Bao-shan, PAN Jian-chun ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2011, 1 (2): 48-57. Abstract（ 6942） PDF（pc）（1221KB）（ 93315） Knowledge map Save Curcumin, an active yellow polyphenol pigment of turmeric, belongs to polyphone compound. Quantities of research have proved its pharmacologic actions in peripheral systems, such as antiatherosclerosis, antineoplasms, antidiabetes; In recent years, people have also found curcumin’s therapeutic effects on some neurodegenerative diseases and affective disorders, such as alzheimer’s, parkinson’s, depression, epilepsy and anxiety. As a powerful antioxidative agent, curcumin can modulate the balance of redox and reduce the formation of responsive oxidative species（ROS）, which results in the neuroprotective effect. In addition to these, the neuroprotective effect of curcumin is involved in regulating signal molecules, such as NF-κB Nrf2 p-MEK,p-ERK,c-fos,APP,BACE1.Curcumin can also affect the BDNF/TrkB-MAPK/PI-3K-CREB pathway to regulate the neuroplasticity, cell vitality and antiapoptosis. This review summarizes the effects and possible mechanism of curcumin on neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and affective disorders such as depression and anxiety. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Methods and Evaluation of Animal Models of Cerebral Ischemia and Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Wang Shu, Zhang Li Acta Neuropharmacologica 2011, 1 (3): 31-40. Abstract（ 5401） PDF（pc）（1126KB）（ 7014） Knowledge map Save Cerebrovascular disease is a clinically common disease and frequently-occurring disease. The selection and application of reliable animal models are particularly important in studies for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. The types, operation procedures of models, and characteristics of the global cerebral and focal cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in different animal models were discussed in detail in this paper. The improved Himori method (the model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion was produced in mice by temporarily obstructing bilateral common carotid arteries) and some key steps were especially presented in detail. The evaluation of the application characteristics of existing animal models will help to select the appropriate models of cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia reperfusion for studying cerebrovascular disease. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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In VivoApplication of Two-photon Microscopy in Neuropharmacological Research ZHAO Jun,WANG Jin-hui Acta Neuropharmacologica 2012, 2 (1): 45-64. Abstract（ 5339） PDF（pc）（6504KB）（ 6810） Knowledge map Save Two-photon microscope is an useful and advanced tool for noninvasive deep fluorescence imaging in the intact brain tissue of living animals. Due to nonlinear two-photon effects, two-photon microscope enables long-term imaging in vivowith deeper detection, higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower photodamage, compared to wide-field and confocal microscopy. Two-photon microscopy can provide high-resolution images to study cellular and subcellular structure and function, including morphology, mobility and intracellular ions of cells. On the other hand, large scale two-photon imaging of cell population reveals the network construction and activity dynamics with single-cell resolution, which makes two-photon microscopy a high throughput tool in system pharmacology. Moreover, two-photon microscopy can offer some precise optical operations, such as photolysis, photoactivation, phototransfection and photodamage. Here, we give an introduction to the principles of two-photon microscopy and its in vivoapplications in neuroscience and neuropharmacology researches. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Studies on the Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Diseases HE Jin-zhao, YANG Bao-xue ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2021, 11 (3): 50-64. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.03.009 Abstract（ 443） PDF（pc）（1251KB）（ 5657） Knowledge map Save Focal adhesion kinase （FAK） as a crucial component of focal adhesions （FAs） plays an important role in intracellular and extracellular signal transduction. FAK is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and mainly regulated by integrins，growth factors and G-protein-coupled receptors，which mediates various bioactivities，such as cell migration，invasion，proliferation，differentiation and angiogenesis. A wide array of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression and activation of FAK were critically involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases，hepatic and renal injuries，lipometabolism，immunoregulation and cancer，in which were closely related to poor prognosis. In recent years，with the development of FAK animal models and inhibitors，targeting FAK has been recognized as new treatment for diseases. Most FAK inhibitors show promising preclinical effect without significant adverse effect and several are undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the studies on the role of FAK in diseases and related animal models and inhibitors to clarify the underlying mechanism and therapeutic prospect. Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Action of Vaccine Adjuvants and Research Progress ZHANG Xin-yan, SHI Xiao-zi, ZHAO Yong-ming ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2023, 13 (6): 55-. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2023.06.011 Abstract（ 479） PDF（pc）（961KB）（ 5426） Knowledge map Save Vaccination is currently the most economically effective method for preventing infectious diseases. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance antigens immunogenicity. The appropriate addition of adjuvants can better assist vaccines in stimulating the body， achieving efficient and long-lasting immune responses， reducing the production costs of vaccines， and minimizing the dosage of drugs， thus decreasing the toxic side effects of drugs entering the human body. This article provides a comprehensive review of commonly used adjuvants and their immunogenic properties. It aims to serve as a reference for the design and selection of safe and effective vaccine adjuvants. Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Distinct Roles and Modulations of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors CHU Shi-feng, CHEN Nai-hong Acta Neuropharmacologica 2011, 1 (5): 40-48. Abstract（ 8908） PDF（pc）（790KB）（ 5077） Knowledge map Save N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor（NMDA receptor） has been considered as a double-edged sword in central nervous system. On the one hand, it mediates the calcium influx, promotes the synaptic plasticity and improves the neural excitatory. On the other hand, excessive opening of NMDA receptor causes calcium overload in neurons, disturbing the homeostasis and inducing the apoptosis. However, growing number of studies demonstrated that the distinct roles of NMDA receptor do not totally depend on its opening degree, but also on its locations where different signaling pathways are triggered. Synaptic NMDA receptors activate the nuclear calcium signaling pathways to protect the neurons; whereas activation of extrasyanptic NMDA receptor starts the apoptosis or death pathway. The imbalance between the two pathways accounts partially for pathogenesis in neural diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. In conclusion, the currently available evidence has provided a new clue for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Review on Synaptic Plasticity Related Proteins GUO Min, LI Gang ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2013, 3 (6): 57-64. Abstract（ 4240） PDF（pc）（1304KB）（ 4822） Knowledge map Save Synaptic plasticity is not only the molecular basis of learning and memory，but also the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction in the nervous system diseases. The synapses is a sensitive parts in synaptic plasticity，presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane accumulate many signal molecules that can lead to synaptic plasticity regulation. These molecules are very necessary for nerve transmission in synaptic parts. Recently, the research on the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity is mainly focus on the function of the presynaptic and postsynaptic related proteins and the nerve cytoskeletal proteins in signal pathway. Here is to review the latest progress in the synaptic plasticity related proteins. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Mitochondria and Neurodegenerative Diseases Zhou Xiao-wen, Su Chao-fen, Luo Huan-min ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2011, 1 (3): 41-46. Abstract（ 5227） PDF（pc）（1083KB）（ 4708） Knowledge map Save The neurodegenerative diseases are usually caused by the loss of the neurons and/or their myelin sheath, but the pathogenesis of these diseases are still indeterminate. Studies so far has proved that mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disorders are early pathological phenomena. This review concentrates on two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease(PD) and would be aimed to discuss the role of mitochondrial in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, providing new direction for further research. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Methods and Evaluation of Animal Models of Induced Cough ZHANG Dan-shen Acta Neuropharmacologica 2011, 1 (2): 35-41. Abstract（ 4804） PDF（pc）（1062KB）（ 4591） Knowledge map Save The cough induced by many factors is a common symptom of a variety of respiratory diseases. Ideal animal models are needed not only for the studies on the incidence and control mechanisms of the cough reflex, and etiology and pathogenesis of the cough, but also for the research and development of effective antitussives and the treatment of human cough. In this review, the animal models of induced cough were described in detail and evaluated to provide some guidance for related basic and clinical research and applications. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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The Progress on Studies of Chloride Channels LIU Ya-ni, ZHANG Hui-ran, ZHAO Chen, HUANG Dong-yang, DU Yu-wei, ZHANG Hai-lin Acta Neuropharmacologica 2015, 5 (4): 33-42. Abstract（ 2357） PDF（pc）（3707KB）（ 4542） Knowledge map Save Chloride is the most abundant anion in all organisms. Chloride channel, besides some active transporters, is one of the important pathways which allow chloride to go through the cell membrane. Chloride channels are probably present in every cell, from bacteria to mammals. Their physiological tasks include but not limited to cell volume regulation, stabilization of the membrane potential, signal transduction and transepithelial transporting. This review focus on the physiological functions and molecular identity of calcium activated chloride channels and volume regulated chloride channels, and also review briefly on voltage gated chloride channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and ligand gated chloride channels. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Behavioral Pharmacology: History and Current Status LI Jun-xu Acta Neuropharmacologica 2011, 1 (1): 55-64. Abstract（ 6370） PDF（pc）（1258KB）（ 4452） Knowledge map Save As a branch of pharmacology，behavioral pharmacology has been stepping into its 50s. Since the publication of the hallmark paper of this field in 1955，behavioral pharmacology has seen a steady，vibrant and healthy development. This review traced back into 1950s，summarizing the major events during the history of behavioral pharmacology，and discuss the current status in this field. The paper also discussed several issues related to behavioral pharmacology research. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Establishment about several anti-oxidant models of microplate quantification suitable for drug-screening and their stability testing ZHANG Dan-shen Acta Neuropharmacologica 2011, 1 (1): 45-51. Abstract（ 4996） PDF（pc）（1451KB）（ 4347） Knowledge map Save Objective:To establish a series of anti-oxidant models of microplate quantification suitable for the drug screening. Methods:By using SpectraMax M5 continuous spectrum enzyme sign reflectoscope reflector，the anti-oxidant microplate quantification experiment modles of anti-DPPH oxidation activity，elimination hydroxy free radical，reduction ability determination，and lipid peroxidation were established. Results:All of the anti-oxidant microplate quantification experiment modles had more common characteristices of the good stability，the fewer reagent types and quantity，simple operation and step，the good repeatability，and so on. Relatively speaking，the two anti-oxidant modles of anti-DPPH oxidation activity，reduction ability determination had more advantage in these experiment modles，and had more suitable for initially screening experiment of the anti-oxidant drug as basic research. Conclusion:These four modles of the anti-oxidant microplate quantification may be widely applied in anti-drug screening，especially high-throughput screening research. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Progress in Understanding the Relevance of Learning and Memory to Estrogen and Glu-NMDA Receptor Pathway ZHANG Xia-wei, ZHANG Dan-shen ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2011, 1 (6): 48-59. Abstract（ 4200） PDF（pc）（1338KB）（ 4268） Knowledge map Save Besides maintaining the female secondary sexual characteristics, estrogen also plays important roles in the nervous system, especially in the brain: it can protect tissue from cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and reduce infarct area by suppressing free radical formation, and can also regulate the release of excitatory amino acids. As an antioxidant, estrogen can protect the nervous system by regulating the body’s redox homeostasis. In addition, estrogen can play its neuroprotective role through estrogen receptors (ER). ER-α and ER-β, two typical ER subtypes that are mainly located in the nucleus, are both expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. It has been found that ER-α level in the cortex and hippocampus of ovariotomy rats is decreased accompanying decreased learning and memory. LTP, synaptic density and learning and memory are all affected in ER-β gene knock-out mice. NMDA receptor is critical in learning and memory and is coexpressed in hippocampus with estrogen receptors. Estrogen may activate ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway through membrane estrogen receptors, thus inducing the phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor to activate NMDA receptor. In addition, the synaptic plasticity can be affected by estrogen and its receptors, as well as by NMDA receptor. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Animal Models of Alzheimer’s Disease and Pharmacotherapeutics JIN Miao, AN Hong-mei Acta Neuropharmacologica 2011, 1 (6): 28-36. Abstract（ 5710） PDF（pc）（1296KB）（ 4224） Knowledge map Save This paper reviewed recent progress in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and pharmacotherapy of AD. Herein, we summarized the different types of AD animal models based on the pathogenesis of AD, and concluded that there is a lack of full demonstration of the etiology and pathological changes of AD disease in animal models. We also summarized the current available medication treatments of AD. Aβ and Tau protein are still the research focus in the field of AD treatment. Chinese medicine also plays a certain role in the treatment of AD, and shows a good prospect. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Involvement of Kir6.2-composing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in phencyclidine-induced negative symptoms of schizophrenia DAI Ting, CHEN Zhong-Guo, DUAN Lei, DING Jian-Hua, FAN Yi, HU Gang ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2011, 1 (1): 31-38. Abstract（ 5262） PDF（pc）（1811KB）（ 4081） Knowledge map Save Objective :ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels are crucial for dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission，which has been demonstrated to be the important feature of pathophysiology in schizophrenia. We studied the effects of K-ATP channels on the phencyclidine (PCP)-induced changes in the forced swimming test (FST，an animal model of negative symptoms of schizophrenia)，using mice with knockout of the Kir6.2 (a pore-forming subunit of neuronal K-ATP channel). Methods:After repeated PCP (10 mg·kg -1， i.p.daily for 14 days) administration，The FST were used to assess depression-related behaviors associated with negative symptoms. Striatal dopamine and dopamine turnover were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Cell proliferation in the subgranular zone (SGZ) was determined by bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. The expressions of total Akt and phosphorylation Akt were evaluated using Western blot. Results:After repeated PCP administration，the enhancement of immobility induced by the FST was attenuated in Kir6.2 knockout mice. Meanwhile，Kir6.2 knockout decreased striatal dopamine turnover，whereas wild-type mice exhibited an augmentation in response to PCP treatment. Furthermore，Kir6.2 knockout could prevent the inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation in the SGZ and suppressed the PCP-induced phosphorylation of Akt Ser473. Conclusion:These results suggest a possible implication of Kir6.2-composing K-ATP channels dysfunction in the pathogenesis of negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Progress in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease XUE Xiao-yan, GUO Xiao-hua, LI-Min, LUO Huan-min ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2011, 1 (6): 37-47. Abstract（ 3603） PDF（pc）（1307KB）（ 4004） Knowledge map Save Although thepathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is unclear, several hypotheses have been proposed, including the β-amyloid cascade theory, tau protein hypothesis, inflammation hypothesis and oxidative stress theory. This review summarized the widely-accepted new viewpoints on the pathogenesis of AD． Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Roles of Adenomatous Polyosis Coli in the Early Developing Cerebral Cortex ZUO Wei, JI Hui, WANG Wen ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2011, 1 (2): 42-47. Abstract（ 4881） PDF（pc）（1009KB）（ 3973） Knowledge map Save Adenomatous polyosis coli（APC）is a large multifunctional protein known to be important for Wntβ-catenin signalling, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell polarity. In the developing cerebral cortex, APC is expressed in proliferating cells and its expression increases as cells migrate to the cortical plate. In this article, we summarized the roles of APC in the early developing cerebral cortex. APC is required for multiple aspects of early cerebral cortical development, including the regulation of cell number, interkinetic nuclear migration, cell polarity, and cell type specification. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Neuroprotective role of the Alpha 2-Adrenergic Agonist Dexmedetomidine in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease HU Min, HE Zhi ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA 2011, 1 (5): 49-55. Abstract（ 5291） PDF（pc）（714KB）（ 3842） Knowledge map Save Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is a common and frequently encountered disease with high disability and mortality rates, and has severe effects on human’s health and quality of life. Cerebral hypoxic ischemia leads to an increase in the number of damaged or dead neurons. Recent studies have provided considerable evidence that alpha 2-adrenergic agonists can protect the brain neuron from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the exact mechanisms of this protection remain unknown. Activation of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor may be involved. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective agonist of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptors with neuroprotective effects. This article reviews the pathophysiological process of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the molecular pharmacology and the neuroprotective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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High Temporal-spatial Resolution Neuroimaging Method Based on Reconstruction of MRI Scan Data with Optic-sensing Temporal Calibration Deng Liang, Shi Yi-Kai, Zhang Jun-Tian Acta Neuropharmacologica 2011, 1 (3): 47-54. Abstract（ 4541） PDF（pc）（2658KB）（ 3808） Knowledge map Save Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool for biomedical imaging and neuroscience research. However, its practical utility is still rather limited due to poor spatial resolution, poor temporal resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we proposed a new technique that enabled reconstruction of MRI scan data with optic collaborative sensing and realized high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution enhancement. For a specific task, a hemodynamic response in cortex related to neural activity could be scanned multiple times synchronized by optic sensing detection, and achieved time division coverage (TDC) of k-space data. Also, we presented a wavelength modulation spectroscopy with parametric exponential moving average (PEMA-WMS) method to realize real-time optic sensing in our proposed scheme. We illustrate the performance of this method with images of visual cortex functional imaging simulation with the Monte Carlo Modeling of light transport in pre-experimental MRI data phantom tissues. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

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Neural Stem Cells with It’s Pharmacology LI Xin, HUO Yu-shu Acta Neuropharmacologica 2012, 2 (2): 48-57. Abstract（ 3122） PDF（pc）（1583KB）（ 3797） Knowledge map Save Neural stem cells (NSCs) are highly capable of self-renewal, they are the precursor cells for differentiation into neurons and gliocyte. Researches on the mechanisms of NSCs proliferation and differentiation are of great significant for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the nervous system and functional restoration. Research has shown that NSCs have therapeutic effects that include stem cell homing, planting and activation of endogenous NSCs, more importantly, neural stem cells also have the pharmacological effect with neurocyte growth regulatory factors (NGRFs) secretion. In-depth study of these NGRFs will not only has great importance for the nerve cells’ regeneration and functional reconstruction, but also provides guiding significance for the pharmacological mechanism of macromolecular in new drug development. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）