Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pathological process in which the structure and function of nerve cells are further impaired after the blood supply to ischemic stroke is restored. As the most important and sensitive organelle of the body, mitochondria play a vital role in cell survival, and among the many potential mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction, the excessive opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore is one of the mechanisms that has attracted much attention in recent years. This article systematically reviews the research status of mPTP and I/R, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, which can lead to abnormal opening of mPTP and trigger cell dysfunction.