With the development of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), it is widely used in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine. This technology not only provides fast chromatographic separation and short running chromatographic time, but also has high sensitivity and selectivity, which is helpful to identify the structure of various compounds of traditional Chinese medicine and analyze the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine. This article reviews the research progress of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology in the analysis of chemical components, quality control, and pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the in-depth research and further development of traditional Chinese medicine.