Neuropathic pain (NP) is mostly caused by trauma or disease directly caused by pain or the pain sensation caused by the destruction of the nervous system. It is one of many chronic pains and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. At present, there are many opioids, anticonvulsants, antiepileptic drugs, etc. for the clinical treatment of NP, but the clinical efficacy is not good and adverse reactions will occur. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can effectively relieve pathological nerve pain by releasing a variety of bioactive factors, and also has the effect of nerve repair. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of pathological neuralgia has not been fully clarified. In this paper, the mechanism of action of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of pathological neuralgia of lumbar disc herniation was studied in order to provide new ideas and methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment.