Oxygen glucose deprivation（OGD） based on the change of cell culture conditions，simulation cells in ischemia/hypoxia injury cases，at the cellular level is simulated ischemia/hypoxia stimulation models in common use. The cells of the nervous system mainly include neurons and glial cells. After ischemia and hypoxia，cells will produce necrosis， apoptosis，autophagy，other phenomena. OGD of the central nervous system often leads to irreversible and devastating consequences，and ultimately leads to neurological impairment. The mechanism of nerve cell injury under OGD condition is very complex，including apoptosis， calcium overload，oxidative stress，excitatory amino acid increase，energy metabolism disorder， etc. Each factors does not exist in isolation but influences and causes each other. Therefore，this paper intends to review the research progress of nerve cell injury mechanism under OGD condition.