Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can affect the outcome of the patient’s disease，even life-threatening. At present，the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury includes inflammatory response，excitatory amino acid toxicity，intracellular calcium overload，free radical damage，energy metabolism disorder and cell apoptosis，etc. Many mechanisms influence each other and are complicated. This article summarizes the research on several main mechanisms of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in recent years，and provides a basis for exploring and improving the research of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.