Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative neurological disease that is difficult to detect at its onset and gradually develops over time. The disease has become the fourth killer after heart disease，tumor，and stroke. This disease affects many systems of the human body，and the pathogenesis is more complicated and related to many factors. The main manifestations of the patients are memory，learning dysfunction and decline in daily life ability. The current treatment drugs mainly focus on improving clinical symptoms，and there are no effective drugs that can reverse or prevent the progression of the disease. This article reviews the incidence，pathogenic factors and related hypotheses of Alzheimer’s disease，and summarizes the current clinical treatment drugs such as cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors （NMDA） antagonist，with a view to provide a reference basis for future scientific research.