Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a disease affected by multiple factors and is prone to repeated attacks. It is one of the most intractable diseases recognized in the world. The effect of current drug treatment is not good，so people pay more and more attention to it. This article mainly reviews the signal pathways related to UC pathogenesis and the effects of therapeutic drugs，to provide more reference for future research on new drugs or new mechanisms，and to classify and evaluate the modeling methods of animal models used in experiments，in order to provide references for researchers to choose suitable models.