Electromagnetic waves are closely tied up with our lives，for example communication equipment，medical equipment，broadcasting，radar，etc. The generation and propagation of electromagnetic waves will leak electromagnetic energy to the surrounding space. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic radiation. Studies have found that electromagnetic radiation has a damaging effect on all major human systems，especially the nervous system. Electromagnetic radiation can affect the physiological functions of nerve cell growth and differentiation，and lead to the occurrence of related diseases. This article mainly focuses on the biological application of electromagnetic radiation，the effect of electromagnetic radiation on nerve cells，the related mechanisms of electromagnetic radiation affecting nerve cells，and the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiated Chinese medicinal materials and other aspects are reviewed to provide a reference for the research and development of drugs related to the prevention and treatment of damage caused by electromagnetic radiation.