In a constant environment，the behavior and physiology of almost all organisms have a circadian rhythm，with a cycle of about 24 hours，of which the daily sleep-wake rhythm is the most important circadian rhythm. Perioperative bad mood，general anesthesia，surgical trauma and external factors may affect the sleep-wake rhythm. The disorder of the rhythm causes damage to the body and prolongs the hospital stay，which is contrary to the concept of rapid postoperative recovery. The factors that affect the circadian rhythm changes during the operation period are particularly important. This article will review the factors that affect the perioperative period and the adverse effects on the body.