Tuberculosis is an important zoonotic disease that threatens global human health. Tuberculosis is caused by infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis（MTB），which can affect the body and cause lung infections. It is the most common respiratory disease. The animal model of tuberculosis is used for four basic purposes：to elucidate the virulence strategies of pathogens；to determine the mechanisms by which natural and vaccine-induced resistance；to screen for new anti-tuberculosis drug candidates；and to screen for novel vaccines. Some models provide the ability to manipulate and monitor the immune system in great detail（eg，mice），while other models more faithfully reproduce specific aspects of the pathogenesis of human TB.