With the aging of the population is increasingly prominent，some age-related neurodegenerative diseases are becoming more common，such as Alzheimer’s disease，Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis，etc.，which infl uence a large amount of people. Moreover Alzheimer’s disease has become a hot issue in medical circles，most of the synthetic drugs genetated conspicuous toxic side effects and adverse reaction in the treatment of this kind of disease，moreover in recent years，the active components of traditional chinese medicine have made great progress in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and new therapeutic targets are found at genetic sites，receptors，enzymes，ion channels，nucleic acids，etc.，so that the treatment of the disease is more targeted. Through the analysis and summary of the new target，we can make the effective components of traditional chinese medicine play a greater medicinal value in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.