Blood embolism is an important pathological process of cardiovascular disease. Thrombosis is closely related to platelet activation，and platelets play an important role in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. The common platelet activation pathways to induce platelet aggregation include adenosine diphosphate pathway，peanut tetralic acid pathway，thrombin pathway，collagen pathway and platelet activation factor pathway. This article reviews the platelet activation mechanisms，activation pathway therapy drugs and new target antiplatelet drugs to provide some reference for the study and treatment of blood embolism.