Local anesthetics （LAs） are widely used for caudal，epidural and spinal anesthesia. These drugs manage acute and chronic pain rapidly，however，they are markedly cytotoxic，especially in central nervous system and cardiovascular system. The toxic effects of LAs are dependent on time/dose and usually varies from each other. Recently，many researches focus on the neurotoxicity of LAs. Therefore，we reviewed the neurotoxicity of LAs and prevention of their neurotoxicity.