P-glycoprotein （P-gp），which is encoded by a multidrug resistance （MDR）gene，is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family. As an important part of the blood-brain barrier （BBB），P-gp is an energy-dependent transporter that blocks the entry of exogenous substances into the cell，and it can also excrete harmful toxic substances in the body. It is a protective barrier of the body. Neurons are the basic units that make up the structure and function of the nervous system. The most obvious pathological changes in many neurological diseases like epilepsy，cerebral ischemia，and neurodegenerative diseases，etc. are the neuronal cells’ injury and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that in some disease states，the expression of P-gp will change，but most of the studies are focused on endothelial cells，and the study of changes in P-gp on neurons is much less. Since oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the occurrence and development of many neurological diseases. This review focuses on the expression of P-gp on neurons and the effect of oxidative stress on P-gp in pathological states.